Sunday, May 5, 2019

Horticulture 101

Table of Contents:
I. Introduction - why the cultivation of crops matters
II. The importance of farming throughout history
III. Why aren't tomatoes legal
IV. History of drug laws
V. Marijuana: a cash crop
VI. The argument against
VII. Other plants to consider
VIII. Growing basics and essentials



INTRODUCTION: 

The modern age has provided us with much, yet something seems to be missing. Few could argue that penicillin, central heating, and mass production of consumer goods aren't major accomplishments that shouldn't be traded for anything, yet, at the same time, we have become increasingly disconnected from mother nature and the techniques that got us to this point. When we look out upon the world, it's easier to name kinds of cars than it is to name types of trees. Perhaps we ought to have an archaic revival.


A BRIEF HISTORY OF FARMING


By Tim Lambert

The Farming Revolution

Farming first began in the Fertile Crescent, which stretches from Israel north to southeast Turkey then curves southeast to the Persian Gulf. However agriculture was also invented independently in other parts of the world as well. Meanwhile farming spread from the Middle East to Europe. 

By about 4,000 BC 

  • People in central Europe were using oxen to pull plows and wagons. 
  • About the same time people in the Middle East began using donkeys as beasts of burden. 
  • Also horses were domesticated on the steppes of Eurasia.

Farming in the Ancient World


Egypt was said to be the gift of the Nile. Each summer the Nile flooded and provided water to grow crops. For irrigation Egyptians used a device called . It was a 'see-saw' with a leather container at one end, which was filled with water and a counterweight at the other. When the Nile flooded it also deposited silt over the land near the banks, which made the land very fertile once the water had subsided.

In contrast farmers in Greece were hampered by rocky soil. Nevertheless they grew barley and wheat. Greek farmers also grew olives (which were part of their staple diet) and they grew vines. Greek farmers also raised goats and sheep.

In France and England the Celts grew crops in rectangular fields. They raised pigs, sheep and cattle. They stored grain in pits lined with stone or wicker and sealed with clay. The Celts also brewed beer from barley.

In Israel farmers grew olives. They also grew crops of flax (for linen), wheat and barley. The people planted vegetables. Grapes were also an important crop. So were pomegranates and figs. Meanwhile shepherds looked after sheep and goats. Farmers also kept oxen and asses. Both were used for pulling plows. Oxen also threshed grain by walking on it.
The Chinese began farming about 5,000 BC. From about 5,000 BC rice was cultivated in southern China and millet was grown in the north. By 5,000 BC dogs and pigs were 
domesticated. By 3,000 BC sheep and (in the south) cattle were domesticated. Finally horses were introduced into China between 3,000 and 2,300 BC.

Under the Han Dynasty agriculture improved partly due to an increasing number of irrigation schemes, partly due to the increasing use of buffaloes to pull plows and partly due to crop rotation which was introduced into China about 100 BC.
Meanwhile in the Roman Empire most people continued to use the same methods of farming they had employed for centuries. 

21st Century Farming


The latest development in farming is genetically engineered crops. GM crops are now being grown in many countries.



A Moral Argument for the Legalization of Nature

Food of the Gods
by Terrence McKenna

FULL TEXT HERE

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Marijuana; a Cash Crop?
Schools are Growing

Here's How Much Money States Are Raking In From Legal Marijuana Sales



PUEBLO, CO - September 3, 2016: A truck rushes past the LSF farm in Pueblo County, one of the only places in Colorado that allows for commercial cannabis grows outdoors, like the marijuana farm Los SueΓ±os Farms LLC. LSF owns 36 acres of rich farmland in Pueblo County, Colorado, which it leases to four Colorado licensed retail marijuana cultivations: Farmboy LLC, Baseball 18 LLC, Los SueΓ±os LLC and Emerald Fields Grow LLC. (Photo by Vince Chandler / The Denver Post)
     On Jan. 1, 2018, the US's largest and most populated state — California — oversaw the legalization of recreational marijuana. Though not the first state to do this, California's action is a milestone for the cannabis industry, and for American drug legislation in general. Almost as, if not equally, important is the fact that marijuana's recreational legality comes with major taxes: a 15% statewide tax on all recreational and medical cannabis products, and additional local taxes and fees.
     Much of the country's outmoded views on cannabis persist, but in the arena of legislation, these arguments are falling on deaf ears. Legalization of cannabis has opened a door to a massive, new source of revenue for state governments. Click through to read about one of the fastest-growing industries to invest in for 2018, and how much states are making off it.
Estimated sales in the past year in the US from cannabis, either medical or recreational. Note: Colorado, Oregon and Washington totals are recreational only.
Estimated sales in the past year in the US from cannabis, either medical or recreational. Note: Colorado, Oregon and Washington totals are recreational only.
 TABLEAU

States With Legal Medical Marijuana and Sales
      It's been over 20 years since California became the first state to make marijuana legal — medical use of it, that is. Proposition 215, or the Compassionate Use Act of 1996, was voted on by residents during the November elections that year, passing by 5,382,915 "yes" votes to 4,301,960 "no" votes. Now in 2018, at least a dozen states offer legal medical use of marijuana. Take a look at the sales numbers states have tallied thanks to medical cannabis:
Arizona$406.7 millionMinnesota$9.6 million
Connecticut$50 millionMontana$31.8 million
Delaware$7.1 millionNew Hampshire$7.2 million
Florida$17.4 millionNew Jersey$37 million
Hawaii$17.2 millionNew Mexico$54.2 million
Illinois$91.1 millionNew York$40.9 million
Michigan$633 millionRhode Island$60.2 million

Sales revenue varies widely depending on the state, but even without recreational use being legal, medical marijuana can put up huge numbers. Michigan legalized marijuana for medical use in 2008, and Arizona did the same in 2010. Since then, these two states have recorded over $600 million and $400 million in cannabis sales, respectively.

States With Legal Recreational Marijuana and Sales
        The newest of new frontiers is legal recreational use of marijuana. California might have been first to legalize for medical purposes, but it was Colorado and Washington that trail-blazed recreational legislation in 2012. Since then, seven additional states, plus Washington, DC, have legalized marijuana. Here's a breakdown of their sales totals:
Alaska$39.5 millionMassachusetts$106 million
California$2.75 billionNevada$102.7 million
Colorado$1.56 billionOregon$777.6 million
District of Columbia$17.7 millionWashington$1 billion
Maine$83.4 million
Not surprisingly, California is a juggernaut with over $2.75 billion in cannabis sales. Yet its northern neighbors Oregon and Washington are no slouches either. Oregon tallied more than $500 million in recreational sales and another $275 million in medical. Washington pulled in over $975 million through recreational, plus $61 million from medical sales.
         Washington has marijuana sales in excess of $1 billion despite its population being a fraction of California's — 7.4 million in Washington vs. 39.5 million— while its GDP is less than a fifth of the Golden State's: $517 billion vs. $2.8 trillion, according to the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Indeed, such outsize profits is one of the main draws of legalized, taxed marijuana. Meanwhile, in 17 other states, marijuana remains a controlled substance, and three states — Idaho, Kansas and Nebraska — don't even have standing laws addressing marijuana-related use.


Arguments Against Legalization
https://marijuana.procon.org/

Other Plants to Consider
Shamansgarden.com
https://www.shamansgarden.com/ 

Ethnoplants 
https://www.ethnoplants.com/gb/ 

Seedman
https://www.seedman.com/

Similarly growing plants
http://www.cannabiscommunityinfo.com/best-non-cannabis-plants-to-practice-growing-before-the-real-thing/

Tomatoes, Blue Lotus, Hops, and Liverwort




Plant Growing Basics and Essentials



Instructions:
  • mix potting soil with expandable  coconut coir brick (after fully expanding with hot/warm water 🚨warning🚨: should be completely expanded otherwise your plant's going to die)
  • fill pot half way or quarter way with soil mixture
  • place seeds on top of soil - seed's distance apart depending on type of seeds (read instruction on the seed package or just google it!!) 
  • fill up pot with soil mixture - leaving some space between soil and top of your container
  • apply light pressure with your hand - making soil even at the same level
  • water plants with spray bottle if possible - using finger to determine level of soil moisture -  gently taking care not to crush seeds ( do not saturate soil it is going to make your plant sink and die)
  • put your pot in a location that is warm and has ventilation






one week later.....⏳⌛⌛

bell pepper, broccoli, beets, peas, yellow tomato, squash,basil, spinach, lettuce, cherry tomato, bok-choy, zucchini, bush beans are growing (14 out of 16)😎😍😍😜


Nattakit says, "get growing."

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